Los suplementos de hierro son eficaces para los ataques de apnea en niños

 Fuente: Perlas Cochrane

Los suplementos de hierro son eficaces para los ataques de apnea en niños

Publicado por ncaballero

Pregunta clínica

¿Son eficaces los suplementos de hierro para los ataques de apnea en niños?

Respuesta
En comparación con placebo o no tratamiento, los suplementos de hierro (5mg/kg/día de hierro elemental durante 16 semanas) redujeron la frecuencia y severidad de los ataques de apnea (medidos como pérdida del conocimiento o movimientos convulsivos) en niños menores de 18 años de edad. La suplementación fue particularmente beneficiosa en niños con anemia por falta de hierro, correlacionándose con un aumento en la hemoglobina. El hierro puede ser beneficioso para niños que todavía no están anémicos o que tienen niveles de hemoglobina en el límite inferior de la normalidad, pero esto no se ha probado en el análisis de subgrupos puesto que, hasta la fecha, sólo se han recopilado datos agrupados. El hierro oral generalmente fue bien tolerado.
Advertencia
No se sabe si se mantiene el beneficio de la suplementación de hierro después de tres meses o si la terapia se debería continuar hasta que el niño crece sin episodios de apnea. Uno de los estudios puede tener sesgos al incluir sólo niños atendidos en un hospital infantil terciario.
Contexto
Los ataques de apnea son paroxísticos y afectan aproximadamente al 5% de los niños sanos. Son diferentes de las convulsiones y es habitual que se resuelvan espontáneamente en el momento en que el niño cumple los siete años de edad. Revisión sistemática Cochrane
Zehetner AA et al. Iron supplementation for breathholding attacks in children. Cochrane Reviews, 2010, Issue 5. Article No. CD008132. DOI:
10.1002/14651858.CD008132.pub2.
Esta revisión contiene 2 estudios que incluyeron 87 participantes. Perla Nº 275, Junio de 2010. Escrita por Brian R McAvoy y traducida por Noelia Caballero.

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Primary care vs specialist sleep center management of obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness and quality of life: a randomized trial

Français : Schéma expliquant l'obstruction de la ventilation dans le Syndrome d'apnées du sommeil (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 Chai-Coetzer CL, Antic NA, Rowland LS, et al. Primary care vs specialist sleep center management of obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness and quality of life: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2013 Mar 13;309(10):997-1004. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.1823. (Original) PMID: 23483174

IMPORTANCE: Due to increasing demand for sleep services, there has been growing interest in ambulatory models of care for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. With appropriate training and simplified management tools, primary care physicians are ideally positioned to take on a greater role in diagnosis and treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy and within-trial costs of a simplified model of diagnosis and care in primary care relative to that in specialist sleep centers.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: A randomized, controlled, noninferiority study involving 155 patients with obstructive sleep apnea that was treated at primary care practices (n=81) in metropolitan Adelaide, 3 rural regions of South Australia or at a university hospital sleep medicine center in Adelaide, Australia (n = 74), between September 2008 and June 2010.
INTERVENTIONS: Primary care management of obstructive sleep apnea vs usual care in a specialist sleep center; both plans included continuous positive airway pressure, mandibular advancement splints, or conservative measures only. 
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was 6-month change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, which ranges from 0 (no daytime sleepiness) to 24 points (high level of daytime sleepiness). The noninferiority margin was -2.0. Secondary outcomes included disease-specific and general quality of life measures, obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, adherence to using continuous positive airway pressure, patient satisfaction, and health care costs.
RESULTS: There were significant improvements in ESS scores from baseline to 6 months in both groups. In the primary care group, the mean baseline score of 12.8 decreased to 7.0 at 6 months (P < .001), and in the specialist group, the score decreased from a mean of 12.5 to 7.0 (P < .001). Primary care management was noninferior to specialist management with a mean change in ESS score of 5.8 vs 5.4 (adjusted difference, -0.13; lower bound of 1-sided 95% CI, -1.5; P = .43). There were no differences in secondary outcome measures between groups. Seventeen patients (21%) withdrew from the study in the primary care group vs 6 patients (8%) in the specialist group. 
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with obstructive sleep apnea, treatment under a primary care model compared with a specialist model did not result in worse sleepiness scores, suggesting that the 2 treatment modes may be comparable. TRIAL 
REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12608000514303.

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